Drilling tool



May 19 1931- c. w. METZGER 1,805,991

DRILLI NG TOOL My 19, 1931.. v c, w, METZGER l`,805,991

DRILLING Tool.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 9. 1928 grt/vento May 19, 1931. c. w. METZGER 1,805,991

DRILL I N G T O OL Filed July 9. 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented May 19, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE i CLAUDE W. METZGER, OF HOUSTON, TEXAS DRILLING TOOL Application filed July 9, 1928. Serial No. 291,227.

This invention relates to new and useful and arrangement of parts an example of improvements in a drilling tool. which is given in this specification, and One object of the invention resides in the illustrated in the accompanying drawings provision of a drilling tool of the character wherein described adapted to be attached to the lower Figure 1 shows a vertical sectional view of 50 end of a drill stem and embodying a head the drilling tool. and a plurality of blades secured in the head, Figure 2 shows a vertical sectional view and removable therefrom, to the end that thereof taken at right angles to the view any or all of the blades maybe removed and shown in F'igure 1. replaced in ease they become worn with use Figure 3 shows a lower end View ofthe tool, 55

or broken. and

Another object of the invention is to pro- Figure 4 shows a cross sectional view taken vide a drilling tool of the character described on the line 4-4 of Figure 1. embodying a pilot blade of the fish tail bit Referring now more particularly to the type and side blades associated with the pilot drawings, wherein like numerals of reference 60 blade and whose cutting edges project out designate similar parts in each of the figures, beyond the head to enlarge the bore to prothe numeral 1 designates a tubular head whose vide clearance for the head, said tool also upper end is provided with a tapering interhaving radially extending reaming blades, nally threaded socket 2, adapted to receive the all of said blades being detachably secured externally threaded tapering pin 3, of the 05 in the head in such manner that a bridgelike `drill collar 4 through which the drilling tool structure will be provided to the end that 'may be connected to the drill stem. This coleach blade' will be supported against endwise lar has an axial water channel 5 therethrough. thrust inwardly by such bridgelike support- The lower end' ofthe head has an inwardly ing structure and such endwise thrust imextending flange 6 which has the transverse 70 parted to any blade will be distributed `to blade slots 7 and 8 cut therethrough and disand sustained by the other blades. posed at substantially right angles to each A further feature of the invention resides other, said slot 7 extendin entirely across in a novel structure for securing the blades in the head. Side boring blades 9, 9 are pro- 30 the head of such construction that in case of vided. These blades 9 are fitted through the 75 wear permitting movement of the-blades rel` slot 7 and are thus oppositely disposed and ati've to the head that each blade may move spaced apart. They have the upwardly exon its own axis in the head thus reventing tended shanks 10, 10, and are widened each the driving strain on any blade rom being Way and thus rest on the flange 6. The outer .35 concentrated at any point of the blade, and sides of the shanks'fare convex and abut 80 lessening the liability of the blades from beagainst and conform 'to the contour of the coming broken as more particularly deinside of the head 1. scribed hereinafter. The inner sides of the shanks 10 converge A still further feature of the invention redownwardly and are concave forming the 40 sides in the provision of novel means for seats 11. The cutting edges of the blades 9 85 supplying flushing fluid to the drilling blades extend out the required distance beyond the at the lower .end of the head. head so as'to form a bore of sufiicient diameter With the above and other objects in view to clear the head as the tool moves downthe invention has particular relation to cerwardly in drilling. tain novel features of construction, operation The numeral 12 designates a pilot blade 90 preferably of the fish tail type, which is fitted through the slot 8 and which preferably extends beneath the lower cutting edges of the blades 9. TheA upper end of this pilot blade 12 is formed with an inverted frusta-conical shaped anchor block 13 which iits closely in the seats 11 of the shanks 10. The upper face of this block has a downwardly tapering socket\l4 therein, in which is seated the downwardly tapering stud of the frusto-conical shaped wedge block 16 which rests upon the anchor 13.

The head 1 has theoppositely disposed radial'slots 17, 17 through which the reaming blades 18, 18, are fitted. The inner ends of the. reaming blades 18 have the arcuate widened shanks 19, 19 whose outer faces conform to the contour of and fit against the opposing4 inner wall of the head 1. The upper inner corners of the Shanks 19 are downwardly tapered and' concaved forming the lseats 20, 20 and a ring nut 21, is threaded through the internally threaded contracted a portion 22 ofthe head 1. The lower end of this ring nut is downwardly tapered and blank, as at 23, and when screwed home, seats firmly in the seats 22, with wedge-like effect and anchors the reaming blades 18, firmly in place, and holds them securely against the upperend of the anchor 13.

An outwardly threaded sleeve 24 is threaded through the nut 21. Formed integrally with said sleeve 24, and depending therefrom are thev arms 25 whose lower ends are formed with the` arcuate .wickers' 26. When the sleeve 24 is screwed home the wickers 26 wedge'between the expander 16 and the opposing insides of the Shanks 19, the inner sides of said `wicker's being outwardly flared to conform to -the contour of and lit closely against the upwardly tapering externalface o the expander 16. The sleeve 24serves also' as a locking means'forpreventing the unscrewing of the nut 21.

Any end thrust imparted inwardly to either reamlng blade 18 will be transmittedthrough this anchoring structure to the other reaming blade as well as to the anchor block 13 and any upward thrust imparted to either of the blades 9 or 12 will be sustained by the bridgelike anchoring structure described.

Should either of the slots through which the blades work become worn so as to permit movement of the blade relative to the head while drilling, the entire blade will be permitted to slightly pivot or turn on an axis by reason of the circular or arcuate seats of said blade against its anchoring structure'. This construction permitting movement of the entire blade will prevent theconcentration of the stress at any particular pointvand this will lessen the likelihood of the blade breaking under the stress of the work to which it issubjected. The flange 6 has the oppositely disposed outwardly inclined water channels 27, 27 leading therethrough and directed toward the front faces of the-blades 9, so as to discharge the flushing fluid near the cutting edges o said blades; andfsaid flange also has the oppositely disposed inwardly inclined water channels 28, 28 directed toward the forward faces of the cutting edges of the blade 12.

The flushing fluid passes from the stem through the channel 5 and the sleeve and out through the opening 29 between the arms 25 into the inlarged chamber 30 of the head 1, and thence downwardly through the channels 27, 28 to Hush the boring blades 9 and 12.

While I have shown what I now consider to be the preferred form of the invention it is obvious that mechanical changes may be made therein and equivalents substituted for the parts shown .and I reserve the right to make such mechanical changes and substitutions as may be comprehended within the principle of the invention.

What I claim is 1. A drilling tool embodying a. tubular 'blade fitted through said end bearings, widened Shanks carried by said side blades and abutting the adjacent sides and lower end of the head, said shanks being formed with inside se ats,-an anchor carriedby theupper end of the pilot blade and seated in said seat, reaming blades fitted through said side slots and having their inner ends widened and resting on said anchor and against the adjacent-parts of the head and removable means secured in the head and abutting the inner ends of said reaming blades.

3. A drilling tool including a-tubular head having lower end bearings and side bearings,

oppositely disposed side boring blades, and a pilot blade fitting through said end bearings, widened shanks carried by said side blades and abuttingthe adjacent sides and lower end of the head, said shanks being formed wit-h inside seats, an anchor carried by the upper end ofthe pilot blade and seated in said seat, reaming blades fitted through said side bearings and having their inner ends widened and resting on said anchor and against the adjacent parts of the head and removable means secured in the head and abutting the inner ends of: said reaming blades, said removable meanscomprising a ring nut threaded into the head and abutting the inner ends of the reaming blades and a sleeve threaded into said nut and having expansible wickers which wedge against the inner ends of the reaming blades.

4. A drilling tool including a tubular head having lower end slots and side slots, oppositely disposed side boring blades, and a pilot blade fitted through said end slots, widened shanks carried by said side blades and abutting the adjacent sides and lower end of the head, said shanks being formed with inside seats, an anchor carried by the upper end of the pilot blade and seated in said seat, reaming blades fitted through said side slots and having their inner ends widened and restin g on said anchor and against the adjacent parts of the head and removable means secured in the head and abutting the inner ends of said reaming blades, said removable means comprising an vexpander' or said anchor, a ring nut threaded into the head and abuttin the inner ends of the reaming blades, a s eeve threaded into said nut, expansible means carried by said sleeve and wedged between said expander and the opposing ends of said reaming blades.

5. A drillin tool including a tubular head having blade earings, blades fitted through said bearings and having cutting edges which projectout beyond the head, anchoring means secured Within the head and removable therefrom and comprising an expander and expansible wedges, the inner ends of the blades being enlarged and clamped between said anchoring means and the head.

6. A drilling tool including a tubular head having blade bearings, blades fitted through said bearings and having cutting edges which project out beyond the head, anchoring means secured within the head and removable there'- from, the inner ends of the blades being enlarged and clamped between said anchoring means and the head, said anchoring means comprising expansible means and an expander, said tool having a fluid passageway downwardly therethrough which terminates in discharge channels directed against the forward sides of the blades at the lower end of the head.

7. A drilling tool including a tubular head having side bearings, reaming blades fitted through said bearings, means on the inner ends of the reaming blades abutting the head, removable means in the head abutting the innerends of the reaming blades, an expander in the head, having a tapering surface and expansible means in the head wedged between said expander and the inner ends of said reaming blades.

8. A drilling tool including a tubular head having side bearings, reaming blades fitted through said bearings, means on the inner ends of the reaming blades abutting the head to hold said blades against outward movement, removable meansin the head abutting the inner ends of the reaming blades and holding said blades against inward moveseats, an anchor carried by the upper end of v said pilot blade and seated in said seat and abutting the inner ends of the reaming blades and supporting said reaming blades and expander.

9. A drilling tool including a tubular head havin lower end blade bearings and side bladeearings, a pilot blade and side boring blades fitted through said end bearings, means carried by the inner ends of the side borin blades which abut the head and hold sai side boring blades against outward movement, said blade holding means being formed with inside seats, an anchor attached to the pilot blade and scato-l in said seats to support said pilot blade, reaml V1g blades fitted through said side bearings, means carried by the inner ends of the reaming blades and abutting the head to secure said reaming blades therein, said blade securing means being formed with inside seats and removable means in the head abutting the seats of inner ends of the reaming blades and also abutting said pilot blade anchor to lock said reaming blades and anchor in the head.

10. vA drilling tool including a tubular head havin lower end blade bearings and side blade arings, a pilot blade and side boring blades fitted through said end bearings, means carried by the inner ends of the side boring blades which abut the head to lock said side boring blades'against outward movement, sald locking means being formed with inside seats, an anchor attached to the pilot blade and seated in said seats, reaming blades fitted through said side bearings, means carried by the inner ends of the reaming blades and abutting the head to lock said reaming blades against outward movement, said locking means for said reaming blades being formed with inside seats and removable means in the head abutting the seats of the inner ends of the reaming blades and also abuttlng said pilot blade anchor, said removable means comprising an expander on said anchor, a

inner ends, said blades being fitted through said slots with their enlarged ends abutting the inner side of the head, and means removably secured in the head and abutting said inner ends of said blades and securing said blades in the head, said means comprising an Iexpander and wedging means cooperating with said expander.

12. A drill includin a hollow tubular head having blade slots, b ades having enlarged inner ends, said blades being fitted through said slots with their enlarged ends abutting the inner side of the head, tubular means removably secured in the head and havin wedges which abut some of said inner ends o said blades, an expander effective to expand said wedges into.said abuttin relation and effective to also abut other of sald blades.

13. A drill having a hollow head havin side slots for reaming blades and lower en slots for ilot boring blades and side borin blades, b ades shaped to fit snugly throng said slots and havin enlarged inner ends which engage the hea an anchor in the head engaging said enlarged ends of some of said boring blades, an expander in the head engaging the said ends of other of said boring blades, and means detachably secured in the head which wedge between the expander and said ends of the remaining blades.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

CLAUDE W. METZGER. 

